Learning disability
Learning disability
A learning disability is a serious, lifelong condition that affects how a person develops. If you have a learning disability, you may need help to:
- understand information
- learn new skills
- manage daily life on your own
A learning disability affects each person differently. No two people are the same.
Most people have a learning disability from birth or early childhood. With the right support and opportunities, people with a learning disability can still learn and grow.
It is sometimes called an intellectual disability.
What is the difference between a learning disability and a learning difficulty?
A learning disability affects every part of daily life, including social, emotional, practical and educational skills.
A learning difficulty makes one specific skill harder to learn. For example, dyslexia (reading), dyspraxia (coordination) and dyscalculia (numbers). This is sometimes called a specific learning difficulty.
A person can have both a learning disability and a specific learning difficulty at the same time.
Learning disability and Down's syndrome
Down's syndrome is a genetic condition. Everyone with Down's syndrome has some degree of learning disability.
Learning disability and autism
About one in three people with a learning disability is also autistic.
Read more about autism.
সাধারণ উপসর্গ
Symptom information is not available for this condition yet.
⚠️ এই উপসর্গের তালিকা শিক্ষামূলক উদ্দেশ্যে। এই উপসর্গগুলি থাকার অর্থ এই নয় যে আপনার এই অবস্থা রয়েছে। সঠিক নির্ণয়ের জন্য একজন ডাক্তারের পরামর্শ নিন।
সাধারণত ব্যবহৃত ওষুধ
⚠️ এই ওষুধগুলি সাধারণত এই অবস্থার নিশ্চিত নির্ণয়ের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়। এটি একটি সুপারিশ বা প্রেসক্রিপশন নয়। চিকিৎসা অবশ্যই আপনার ডাক্তার দ্বারা নির্ধারিত হতে হবে।
No medicines have been linked to this condition yet.
Causes
শেখার প্রতিবন্ধকতার কারণ কী?
কীসের জন্য এটি হয়েছে, চিকিৎসকেরা সব সময় নিশ্চিত করে তা বলতে পারেন না।
শেখার প্রতিবন্ধকতা বিভিন্ন সময়ে শুরু হতে পারে।
এটি জন্মের আগেও হতে পারে, যেমন এই কারণগুলোতে:
- কোনো জিনগত সমস্যা, যেমন ডাউন সিনড্রোম, ফ্র্যাজাইল এক্স সিনড্রোম বা এডওয়ার্ডস সিনড্রোম
- গর্ভাবস্থায় কোনো সংক্রমণ
- গর্ভাবস্থায় মদ বা মাদকের মতো বিষাক্ত জিনিসের সংস্পর্শ
এটি জন্মের সময়ও হতে পারে, যেমন এই কারণগুলোতে:
- সময়ের আগে জন্ম নেওয়া
- অক্সিজেনের ঘাটতি
- জন্মের সময় কোনো আঘাত
আবার জন্মের পরেও এটি হতে পারে, যেমন এই কারণগুলোতে:
- কোনো সংক্রমণ, যেমন মেনিনজাইটিস
- দুর্ঘটনা বা মাথায় আঘাত
- শৈশবের শুরুর দিকে খিঁচুনি বা কোনো অসুস্থতা
- মদ বা মাদকের মতো বিষাক্ত জিনিসের সংস্পর্শ
Diagnosis
শেখার অক্ষমতা যেকোনো বয়সেই শনাক্ত হতে পারে। রোগনির্ণয় বা ডায়াগনোসিস মানে হলো, একজন ডাক্তার বা অন্য কোনো স্বাস্থ্যকর্মী আপনাকে জানাচ্ছেন যে আপনার এই সমস্যাটি আছে।
কোনো শিশুর ক্ষেত্রে জন্মের সময়েই কিংবা শৈশবের শুরুর দিকেই বিষয়টি ধরা পড়তে পারে। আবার কারও কারও ক্ষেত্রে অনেক বছর পেরিয়ে যাওয়ার পরও রোগনির্ণয় হয় না, আর কিছু মানুষের ক্ষেত্রে তা কখনোই শনাক্ত হয় না।
রোগনির্ণয়ের বিষয়টি জানতে পারা কঠিন মনে হতে পারে, মনের ওপরও চাপ পড়তে পারে। তবে এতে সামনের দিনগুলোতে আপনার যে চিকিৎসা ও সহায়তা দরকার, তা পেতে সুবিধা হয়।
আপনার যদি মনে হয় আপনার নিজের বা আপনার আপনজনের কারও শেখার অক্ষমতা থাকতে পারে, তাহলে আপনার জিপি প্র্যাকটিসে (পারিবারিক চিকিৎসকের চেম্বারে) কথা বলুন।
Complications
Learning disability and health
With the right support, people with a learning disability can lead happy, full lives. How much support you need depends on you. Some people need only a little help with specific tasks, like catching the bus or managing household chores. Others need more care and support with many parts of daily life.
Someone with a learning disability can have the same health conditions as anyone else. However, some conditions are more common among people with a learning disability, including:
- respiratory problems such as pneumonia and acute respiratory infections
- some types of cancer
- diabetes
- epilepsy
- constipation
- mental health conditions
- sensory and hearing impairments
- gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
- dyspepsia
- dementia
Sometimes people with a learning disability don't get the help they need for health conditions and illnesses. Communication and sensory differences can make it hard for a person with a learning disability to recognise and explain their symptoms.
People with a learning disability are entitled to the same healthcare services as everyone else. This includes dental care, health screening, and mental health support.
Annual health check
If you have a learning disability, you're entitled to an annual health check every year from the age of 16. Read more about annual health checks for people with a learning disability.
Learning disability services
Learning disability services are tailored to the needs of people with a learning disability. These services provide:
- specialist healthcare
- treatment
- support for families and carers
- help for other health and social care teams
Support can vary depending on where you live. Speak to your GP practice to find out what's available in your area. You could also check your local health board's website for details of learning disability services near you. Some learning disability services work with both children and adults, while others work only with adults.
Learning disability nurses
Learning disability nurses support people with a learning disability from birth through to end of life care. They also support families and carers of people with a learning disability. Learning disability nurses work across all settings, including:
- hospitals
- communities
- schools
- social care
There are learning disability nurses in each local health board, so contact your local learning disability nursing team for more information. They work as part of a wider team, alongside professionals such as:
- social workers
- psychiatrists
- occupational therapists
- speech and language therapists
- psychologists
Getting support for a child or young person with a learning disability
Health, education and social care services should work together with you and your child to find out what support they need. Support can vary depending on where you live. They should then put a plan in place, known as a co-ordinated support plan, which should support your child until they transition to adult services.
If you're a parent or carer of a child or young person with a learning disability and you're worried about their health, speak to their GP practice, health visitor, or school nurse.
Getting support for an adult with a learning disability
Your local council's social care team should work with you to find out what support you need. This process is called a needs assessment, and support can vary depending on where you live. Your family, carer or support worker can help you with this if you need them to.
You can find out how to get an assessment of your care needs, and Self Directed Support (SDS) Scotland also has information about needs assessments. If you're the family member, partner or friend of someone who needs ongoing care or support, you can read about working and supporting someone's health or care on gov.uk.
Advocacy support
Everyone has the right to support from another person to help express their views and wishes, for example at a healthcare appointment. This person is called an advocate. Advocates can be helpful if you find it difficult to communicate your views, or if you need other people to listen to you and take your views into account. Read more about advocacy.