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Allopurinol

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Indications

Alurol is used to reduce the making of urate, also called uric acid, in people who already have urate or uric acid built up in the body. This includes gouty arthritis, skin tophi and kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). Alurol is also used to treat 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) kidney stones caused by low activity of the enzyme adenine phospho ribosyltransferase. Another use is for recurrent mixed calcium oxalate kidney stones when there is too much uric acid in the urine (hyperuricosuria), but only after fluids, diet and similar measures have not worked.

⚠️ Always consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.

Pharmacology

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and you take it by mouth. It works on purine catabolism (the breakdown of purines) and leaves the making of purines alone. It lowers uric acid production by blocking the biochemical steps that come just before uric acid is formed.

Structurally, allopurinol is an analogue of hypoxanthine, a natural purine base. Xanthine oxidase is the enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and then xanthine to uric acid, which is the end product of purine metabolism. Allopurinol inhibits this enzyme.

About 90% of a dose is absorbed from the GI tract. Peak plasma levels usually come between 1.5 hours and 4.5 hours after the dose. The plasma half life is about 1 to 2 hours. Around 20% of the allopurinol swallowed is excreted in the faeces.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

There isn't enough evidence to confirm Allopurinol is safe to use during human pregnancy. It should only be used in pregnancy if no safer option is available and if the underlying condition itself poses a risk to the mother or the unborn child. No information is currently available on how allopurinol or its breakdown products affect a breastfeeding baby.

⚠️ Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Dosage Reference

⚠️ Reference ranges from official sources only. Consult your doctor for personalized dosing.

Adults: Adults: Doctors usually start allopurinol at a low dose, such as 100 mg per day, to limit the chance of side effects, and increase it only if the response in serum urate levels is not satisfactory. Extra care is needed when kidney function is poor. Suggested dosage schedules are 100 to 200 mg daily for mild conditions, 300 to 600 mg daily for moderately severe conditions, and 700 to 900 mg daily for severe conditions. Children: In children under 15 years, the dose is 10 to 20 mg per kg of body weight per day, up to a maximum of 400 mg daily. Use in children is rarely needed, except in malignant conditions (especially leukaemia) and certain enzyme disorders such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Elderly: Without specific data to guide dosing, the lowest dose that gives a satisfactory reduction in urate should be used. Dosage in renal impairment: In severe renal insufficiency, it may be best to use less than 100 mg per day, or to give single doses of 100 mg at intervals longer than one day.

Side Effects & Interactions

Side Effects

No side-effect data recorded yet.