Indications & Uses
Dosage Reference
Reference Information Only
Dosages shown are general references from official sources. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for personalized dosing.
Adults:
The adult dose of Mannitol ranges from 50 to 100 gm by IV infusion. The rate of administration is usually adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr. Total dosage, concentration and the rate of administration depends on fluid requirement, urinary output and the severity of the condition being treated. For renal insufficiency, adults are given 50 to 100 g of Mannitol at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr, while children are given 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2 of body surface area over a period of 2 to 6 hrs. For cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma, adults are given 1.5 to 2 gm/kg over a period of 30 to 60 minutes, while children are given 1 to 2 gm/kg body wt. or 30 to 60 gm/m2 of body surface area over a period of 30 to 60 mins. As adjunctive therapy for removal of toxic substances, adults are given 50 to 200 g of Mannitol at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 100 to 500 ml/hr, while children are given 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2 of body surface area. For termination of pregnancy, 50 gm of Mannitol (250 ml of Mannitol) is instilled into the amniotic cavity, which induces abortion in a high proportion of pregnancies.
Side Effects
Osmotic intravenous infusions such as this one most commonly cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which at high doses can include circulatory overload and acidosis. Other reported side effects are nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, dizziness, fever, a fast heartbeat, chest pain, low blood sodium, dehydration, blurred vision, hives, and either high or low blood pressure.
Cautions & Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Careful monitoring of rate of administration of Osmotic is necessary to avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance and circulatory overloading. The infusion should be discontinued if the patient develops signs of progressive renal dysfunction, heart failure or pulmonary congestion. Osmotic should not be administered with whole blood. Infusion of fluid should be immediately discontinued if rigor arises from any reason during the process. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, contains particles or after expiry date.
Contraindications
Mannitol intravenous infusion should not be used in patients with pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. It should also be avoided when urine flow is inadequate, in cases of dehydration or acidosis, in intracranial bleeding, and in patients with renal failure unless a test dose has produced a diuretic response.