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Dopamine Hydrochloride

Inotropic-sympathomimetics Prescription
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Indications

Myocardial Infarction Sepsis

Dopamine hydrochloride, present in D-Dopamine, is used to correct haemodynamic imbalance in the following situations: acute hypotension or shock associated with myocardial infarction, endotoxic septicaemia, trauma, and renal failure; as an adjunct after open heart surgery, when hypotension persists despite correction of hypovolaemia; and in chronic cardiac decompensation, such as congestive failure.

⚠️ Always consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.

Pharmacology

Dopamine is a preparation of Dopamine hydrochloride that can stimulate α, β and dopamine receptors. It is a natural catecholamine formed by the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Dopamine is a precursor to norepinephrine in noradrenergic nerves and is also a neurotransmitter in certain areas of the central nervous system, especially in the nigrostriatal tract and in a few peripheral sympathetic nerves. It produces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the myocardium, resulting in increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. This happens directly through an agonist action on β-adrenoceptors and indirectly by causing release of norepinephrine from storage sites in sympathetic nerve endings. Dopamine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, so it does not activate dopamine receptors in the brain.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Animal studies have not shown that dopamine hydrochloride causes birth defects. Even so, it should be given to a pregnant woman only if her physician judges that the expected benefits justify the potential risk to the fetus. Whether dopamine hydrochloride passes into breast milk, and what effect this might have on a nursing infant, is not known. For this reason, it is not recommended during breast-feeding unless the expected benefits are judged to outweigh the possible risks.

⚠️ Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Dosage Reference

⚠️ Reference ranges from official sources only. Consult your doctor for personalized dosing.

Adults: Dosage Adult dose: Where appropriate, circulating blood volume should be restored with a suitable plasma expander or whole blood before dopamine is given. Infusion of dopamine hydrochloride solution should be started at a dosage of 2 to 5 micrograms/kg/min in patients likely to respond to a modest increase in heart force and renal perfusion. In more seriously ill patients, infusion should be started at a dosage of 5 micrograms/kg/min and increased gradually, using increments of 5 to 10 micrograms/kg/min, up to 20 to 50 micrograms/kg/min as needed. If dosages above 50 micrograms/kg/min are required, urine output should be checked frequently. In patients who do not respond to these doses, further increments of dopamine may be given in an effort to achieve adequate blood pressure, urine flow and perfusion. For patients with severe, refractory, chronic congestive heart failure, doses should be started at 0.5 to 2 micrograms/kg/min and increased by 1 to 3 micrograms/kg/min as urinary output increases. ECG, blood pressure and urine output should be monitored, and cardiac output and pulmonary wedge pressure should be monitored if possible. Children less than 12 years old: The safety and efficacy of dopamine in children under 12 years have not been established. Geriatric patients: No variation in dosage is suggested for geriatric patients, although close monitoring is required for blood pressure, urine flow and peripheral tissue perfusion.

Side Effects & Interactions

Side Effects

No side-effect data recorded yet.