Menthol + Camphor + Methyl Salicylate + Oleoresin Capsicum

Capsicum species are known to be very strong local stimulants of the circulatory system. Capsicum reduces the formation of thromboxane B2 and the hemolysis of erythrocytes, which suggests a membrane stabilizing property that interferes with the activation of phospholipase A2. It activates nociceptive fibres, which brings about the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, and it binds to specific vanilloid (capsaicin) receptors. These effects are reversible.

Capsicum gives a selective analgesic effect by depleting substance P, a neuropeptide of 11 amino acids that carries and modulates pain impulses from the peripheral nerves to the spinal column. At first, capsicum stimulates the release of substance P from the peripheral sensory C type nerve fibers. Then it prevents re-uptake of substance P and blocks its transport within the neuron. The substance P is eventually depleted, and this results in analgesia.

Methyl salicylic acid is similar to Aspirin and shows anesthetic properties by blocking the voltage-operated sodium channels in pain-receptor neurons. The menthol molecule binds to and stimulates the TRPM-8 receptor protein, which produces a sensation of cold (pain in extreme cases) when stimulated. Camphor has been approved by FDA for topical use as a pain reliever and anesthetic. It acts as a counter irritant and numbs the nerve endings, which inhibits the transmission of pain sensation.