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Losartan Potassium + Hydrochlorothiazide

Combined antihypertensive preparations Prescription
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Indications

Losartan Potassium + Hydrochlorothiazide tablet is used to treat hypertension. It is also used to lower the risk of stroke in patients who have hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.

⚠️ Always consult a registered physician before taking any medicine.

Pharmacology

Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). It is a potent vasoconstrictor and the main vasoactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin system, and it plays an important part in how hypertension develops. It also stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone. Losartan Potassium and its principal active metabolite block these vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects. They do this by selectively stopping angiotensin II from binding to the AT1 receptor, which is found in many tissues (for example vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland). In vitro binding studies show that losartan is a reversible, competitive inhibitor of the AT1 receptor. Neither losartan nor its active metabolite inhibits ACE (kinase II, the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and breaks down bradykinin). They also don't bind to or block other hormone receptors or ion channels known to be important in cardiovascular regulation.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Thiazides act on the renal tubular mechanisms of electrolyte reabsorption and directly increase the excretion of Sodium and Chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Indirectly, the diuretic action of Hydrochlorothiazide reduces plasma volume. This brings increased plasma renin activity, increased Aldosterone secretion, increased urinary Potassium loss and decreased serum Potassium. The renin-aldosterone link is mediated by angiotensin II, so giving an angiotensin II receptor antagonist together with these diuretics tends to reverse the Potassium loss they cause.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, the group that includes Losartan Potassium with Hydrochlorothiazide, should be avoided in pregnancy unless they are essential. They may affect blood pressure control and kidney function in the fetus and the newborn. Skull defects and oligohydramnios have also been reported.

There is only limited information on the use of these medicines during breastfeeding. They are not recommended in breastfeeding, and other treatment options with better-established safety information during breastfeeding are available.

⚠️ Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Dosage Reference

⚠️ Reference ranges from official sources only. Consult your doctor for personalized dosing.

Adults: Hypertension The usual starting dose of this Losartan Potassium + Hydrochlorothiazide combination (50/12.5) is one tablet once daily. If one tablet doesn't control the blood pressure well enough, the dose may be raised to 100/25 once daily. A patient whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with Losartan 100 mg alone may be switched to the 100/12.5 combination once daily. In hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, the starting dose is 50/12.5. If more blood pressure reduction is needed, 100/12.5 may be given, followed by 100/25 if required. The maximum dose is 100/25 once daily. In general, the effect on blood pressure is reached within three weeks of starting therapy. Elderly patients need no change to the 50/12.5 starting dose, but the maximum dose of 100/25 once daily should not be used as their initial therapy. Severe Hypertension For initial treatment of severe hypertension, the starting dose is one tablet of 50/12.5 once daily. If the patient does not respond adequately to this dose after 2 to 4 weeks of therapy, the dose may be increased to 100/25 once daily. The maximum dose is one tablet of 100/25 once daily.

Side Effects & Interactions

Side Effects

No side-effect data recorded yet.