Glucosamine Sulfate + Diacerein

Glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose) is a natural amino sugar. The body makes it, and it is also found in certain foods. It is the most basic building block the body needs to make glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as Hyaluronic Acid, Keratan Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate. GAGs bind with protein to form proteoglycans, and these are the essential building block of articular cartilage. When the cartilage in a joint deteriorates, Osteoarthritis develops. Glucosamine also helps form ligaments, tendons, nails and various other connective tissues. When we take an artificially synthesized Glucosamine Sulfate supplement, the Glucosamine level in the body goes up, and this helps the production and repair of cartilage. Glucosamine also activates chondrocytes in the cartilage, which help produce GAGs and proteoglycans. In humans, about 90 percent of glucosamine given as an oral dose of glucosamine sulfate is absorbed from the digestive tract. It is mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted through urine. Diacerein is used to treat Osteoarthritis. It also has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro, it releases and directly inhibits InterLeukin-1 (IL-1) synthesis, which is the main cytokine involved in cartilage destruction. Because of this specific mode of action, Diacerein has been shown to have a disease-modifying effect in experimental models of osteoarthritis and in human subjects with finger joint and knee osteoarthritis. Its oral bioavailability is 56%. Taking it with food delays the time to peak concentration, but absorption goes up by 25%, so diacerein is best given with food. It binds mainly with the protein albumin. After an oral dose, diacerein is metabolized extensively (100%) in the liver. Urinary excretion of diacerein in the form of its metabolites has ranged between 35% and 60%.