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Indications & Uses
Inospiron is indicated for:
Pharmacology
Description: Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist and a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works mainly by competitively binding to receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. This action increases the excretion of sodium and water while retaining potassium and magnesium.
Mode of action: Spironolactone and its active metabolites are specific pharmacologic antagonists of aldosterone. They act primarily through competitive binding of receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule, increasing the excretion of sodium and water while sparing potassium. Through this mechanism, spironolactone functions as both a diuretic and an antihypertensive agent, and it may be used alone or together with other diuretics that act at more proximal sites in the renal tubule.
Absorption: In healthy volunteers, the mean time to reach peak plasma concentration is 2.6 hours for spironolactone and 4.3 hours for its active metabolite, canrenone.
Effect of food: Taking spironolactone with food increases its bioavailability (measured by AUC) by approximately 95.4%. Patients should therefore try to take spironolactone consistently, either always with meals or always without, rather than switching between the two.
Distribution: More than 90% of spironolactone and its metabolites are bound to plasma proteins.
Metabolism: Spironolactone undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism. Its metabolites fall into two main groups: those that lose the sulfur present in the parent molecule (such as canrenone) and those that retain it (such as TMS and HTMS). In humans, TMS and 7-α-thiospirolactone are only about a third as potent as spironolactone in reversing the effects of the synthetic mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone on urinary electrolyte composition.
Elimination & Excretion: The mean half-life of spironolactone itself is 1.4 hours. Its metabolites are longer-acting: the mean half-lives are 16.5 hours for canrenone, 13.8 hours for 7-α-(thiomethyl)spirolactone (TMS), and 15 hours for 6-β-hydroxy-7-α-(thiomethyl)spirolactone (HTMS). These metabolites are eliminated mainly in the urine, with a smaller portion excreted in bile.
Dosage Reference
Reference Information Only
Dosages shown are general references from official sources. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for personalized dosing.
Adults:
Heart failure: Treatment is started at 25 mg once daily.
Hypertension: Treatment is started at 25 to 100 mg daily, given as a single dose or in divided doses.
Essential hypertension: For adults, a starting daily dose of 50 to 100 mg of Spironolactone, given as a single dose or in divided doses, is recommended.
Primary hyperaldosteronism: Spironolactone may be used as an initial diagnostic measure to provide presumptive evidence of primary hyperaldosteronism while patients remain on their normal diet.
Edema in adults (congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome): A starting daily dose of 50 to 100 mg of Spironolactone, given as a single dose or in divided doses, is recommended; the dose may range from 25 to 200 mg daily.
Hypokalemia: Spironolactone at a dose of 25 mg to 100 mg daily is useful for treating diuretic-induced hypokalemia when oral potassium supplements or other potassium-sparing regimens are considered inappropriate.
Side Effects
Breast enlargement (gynaecomastia) can occur in men taking Spirolac. The chance of this happening appears to depend on both the dose and how long the medicine is taken, and it usually goes away once Spirolac is stopped. In rare cases, some breast enlargement may remain. Other side effects reported with Spirolac include: stomach and bowel problems such as cramping and diarrhoea; drowsiness; tiredness or lack of energy; headache; skin rashes (raised, spotty or red patches); hives; confusion; fever caused by the medicine; loss of coordination (ataxia); impotence; irregular or missed periods; and bleeding after the menopause. These side effects usually go away once the medicine is stopped.
Cautions & Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Anyone taking a diuretic should be monitored for signs of fluid or electrolyte imbalance, such as low magnesium (hypomagnesemia), low sodium (hyponatremia), hypochloremic alkalosis, and high potassium (hyperkalemia). Checking electrolyte levels in the blood and urine is especially important if the patient is vomiting heavily or receiving fluids by drip or injection. High potassium levels can develop in patients with reduced kidney function or a high potassium intake, and this can trigger irregular heart rhythms, which may be fatal. For this reason, potassium supplements should not normally be given alongside this medicine.
Contraindications
Spironolactone should not be used in acute renal insufficiency, significant impairment of renal function, anuria, hyperkalaemia, or known sensitivity to Spironolactone.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Pregnancy carries real risks if heart failure, cirrhosis or high blood pressure are not well controlled, and these conditions can also affect the baby. It's not known whether spironolactone affects a mother's milk supply.
⚠️ Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Overdose
An acute overdose of Spironolactone can cause drowsiness, mental confusion, a maculopapular or erythematous rash, nausea, vomiting, dizziness or diarrhoea. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia or hepatic coma can occur in patients with severe liver disease, but this is rare and unlikely to be caused by an acute overdose. Hyperkalemia may also occur, especially in patients whose kidney function is impaired.
⚠️ In an emergency call 999 or go to the nearest hospital emergency department.
Storage
Keep Spironolactone out of reach of children. Store it in a dry place, below 30°C, and protect it from light.
Drug Interactions
Common questions about Inospiron 25 mg
What is Inospiron 25 mg Tablet?
Inospiron 25 mg Tablet is a medicine that contains Spironolactone. It is made by Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. It belongs to the Potassium-sparing diuretics group of medicines.
What is Inospiron used for?
Inospiron is used for: Heart Failure, Cancer, Edema.
What are the side effects of Inospiron?
Breast enlargement (gynaecomastia) can occur in men taking Spirolac. The chance of this happening appears to depend on both the dose and how long the medicine is taken, and it usually goes away once Spirolac is stopped.
Can I take Inospiron during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
Pregnancy carries real risks if heart failure, cirrhosis or high blood pressure are not well controlled, and these conditions can also affect the baby. It's not known whether spironolactone affects a mother's milk supply. Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
What happens if I take too much Inospiron?
An acute overdose of Spironolactone can cause drowsiness, mental confusion, a maculopapular or erythematous rash, nausea, vomiting, dizziness or diarrhoea. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia or hepatic coma can occur in patients with severe liver disease, but this is rare and unlikely to be caused by an acute overdose. In an emergency call 999 or go to the nearest hospital emergency department.
How should I store Inospiron?
Keep Spironolactone out of reach of children. Store it in a dry place, below 30°C, and protect it from light.
Can I take other medicines with Inospiron?
Some medicines can interact with Spironolactone, for example: Furosemide + Spironolactone, Dobutamine Hydrochloride, Losartan Potassium, Valsartan, Aspirin, Indomethacin. Tell your doctor or pharmacist about every medicine you take.
Is there a cheaper medicine with the same ingredient?
Inospiron is already among the lowest-priced brands of Spironolactone at this strength.
Do I need a prescription for Inospiron?
Inospiron is a prescription (Rx) medicine. Take it as your doctor advises.