Indications & Uses
Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml is indicated for:
Pharmacology
Palonosetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It binds strongly to this receptor and has little or no affinity for other receptors. Chemotherapy drugs are thought to cause nausea and vomiting by releasing serotonin from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine. The released serotonin then activates 5-HT3 receptors on the nerve terminals of the vagus in the periphery, and also centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema, which starts the vomiting reflex. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is influenced by many patient, surgical and anesthesia related factors. It is triggered by the release of 5-HT3 in a cascade of neuronal events involving both the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. The 5-HT3 receptor has been shown to take part selectively in the emetic response. Palonosetron works by blocking the actions of serotonin, which is linked with nausea and vomiting, at the 5-HTs receptor. It most likely acts in the small intestine, though it may also act in the brain.
Pharmacokinetics: Palonosetron shows linear, dose-proportional pharmacokinetics over the dose range 1-90 pg/kg in healthy subjects and in cancer patients. In cancer patients given single intravenous doses in this range, the mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) ranges from 0.89 to 336 ng/ml. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUCo-co) ranges from 13.8 to 957 ng.h/ml. The volume of distribution is approximately 6.9-7.9 L/kg, and approximately 62% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins. Approximately 50% of Palonosetron is metabolized into two inactive metabolites, each showing <1% of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist activity. Approximately 40% of the drug is metabolised via the kidney, and 50% by the liver, mainly through the CYP2D6 isoenzyme, with CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 also involved. About 50% of the drug goes through metabolism. After a single intravenous dose, approximately 40% is excreted unchanged in the urine after 144 hours. In healthy subjects, total body clearance is 160±35 ml/h/kg and renal clearance is 66.5±18.2 ml/h/kg. Palonosetron has a longer half-life (40 hours) and a greater 5-HT3 receptor binding affinity.
Dosage Reference
Reference Information Only
Dosages shown are general references from official sources. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for personalized dosing.
Adults:
Usual dosage: for adults, the tablet dose is 0.5 mg daily, and the intravenous dose is a single 0.075 mg injection given over 10 seconds. For chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, adults take a 0.5 mg tablet about 1 hour before chemotherapy begins, or receive a single 0.25 mg intravenous dose given over 30 seconds about 30 minutes before chemotherapy begins. For radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, a single 0.25 mg intravenous dose is given over 30 seconds about 30 minutes before each week of radiation fraction. For post-operative nausea and vomiting, a single 0.075 mg intravenous dose is given over 10 seconds immediately before anaesthesia is induced. For children aged 1 month to 17 years, a single intravenous dose of 20 mcg per kg of body weight is given, up to a maximum of 1.5 mg.
Side Effects
The most commonly reported side effects of palonosetron are headache and constipation.
Cautions & Contraindications
Contraindications
Palonosetron should not be used in anyone with a known hypersensitivity (allergy) to palonosetron or to any of the other ingredients in the product.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Pregnancy category B. It is not known whether Palonosetron passes into breast milk.
⚠️ Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Use in Special Populations
Elderly patients: Palonosetron needs no dose adjustment in people over 65 years of age.
Children: For children aged 1 month to 10 years, the dose is a single IV dose of 20 mcg/kg body weight, and the maximum dose is 1.5 mg.
Patients with kidney or liver problems: No dose adjustment is recommended in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Overdose
No antidote for Palonosetron is known. If someone takes too much, the overdose is managed with supportive care.
⚠️ In an emergency call 999 or go to the nearest hospital emergency department.
Storage
Keep Palonosetron in a cool, dry place and away from light.
Drug Interactions
Common questions about Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml 25 mg
What is Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml 25 mg Injection?
Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml 25 mg Injection is a medicine that contains Palonosetron. It is made by Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Ltd. It belongs to the Anti-emetic drugs group of medicines.
What is Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml used for?
Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml is used for: Nausea and Vomiting, Cancer.
What are the side effects of Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml?
The most commonly reported side effects of palonosetron are headache and constipation.
Can I take Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
Pregnancy category B. It is not known whether Palonosetron passes into breast milk. Talk to your doctor before taking any medicine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
What happens if I take too much Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml?
No antidote for Palonosetron is known. If someone takes too much, the overdose is managed with supportive care. In an emergency call 999 or go to the nearest hospital emergency department.
How should I store Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml?
Keep Palonosetron in a cool, dry place and away from light.
Can I take other medicines with Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml?
Some medicines can interact with Palonosetron, for example: Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Cisplatin, Mitomycin, Metoclopramide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride. Tell your doctor or pharmacist about every medicine you take.
Do I need a prescription for Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml?
Palzen 0.25 mg/5 ml is a prescription (Rx) medicine. Take it as your doctor advises.