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These brands contain the same active ingredient (Hydrochlorothiazide). Strength and form may differ — confirm substitution with your doctor or pharmacist before switching.
Indications & Uses
Hypezide is indicated for:
Dosage Reference
Reference Information Only
Dosages shown are general references from official sources. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for personalized dosing.
Adults:
Edema: initially 25 to 50 mg daily, reduced for maintenance if possible; maximum 100 mg daily. Hypertension: 25 mg daily, increased to 50 mg daily if necessary. Elderly: in some patients, especially the elderly, an initial dose of 12.5 mg daily may be sufficient. Children: an initial dose for children has been 1 to 2 mg per kg body weight in 2 divided doses. Infants under 6 months may need doses of up to 3 mg per kg daily.
Side Effects
Gastro-intestinal system: Anorexia, gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhoea, constipation, jaundice (intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice), pancreatitis, salivary gland inflammation. Central nervous system: Dizziness, vertigo, paraesthesiae, headache, yellow vision.Heamatological: Leucopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia.Cardiovascular: Hypotension, including orthostatic hypotension.Hypersensitivity: Purpura, photosensitivity, rash, urticaria, necrotising angiitis (vasculitis, cutaneous vasculitis), fever, respiratiory distress including pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema, anaphylactic reactions, toxic epidermal necrolysis.Metabolic: Hyperglycaemia, glycosuria, hyperuricaema, electrolyte imbalance including hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia.Renal: Renal dysfunction, interstitial nephritis, renal failure.Other: Muscle spasm, weakness, restlessness, transient blurred vision, impotence. Whenever side-effects are moderate to severe, thiazide dosage should be reduced or therapy was withdrawn.
Cautions & Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Patients should be carefully monitored for signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalance (low sodium, hypochloraemic alkalosis, low potassium and low magnesium). It is particularly important to check serum and urine electrolyte levels when the patient is vomiting excessively or receiving fluids by injection. Warning signs or symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalance include dryness of mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, seizures, confusion, muscle pains or cramps, muscle fatigue, low blood pressure, reduced urine output, a fast heartbeat, and gastro-intestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. Low potassium levels may develop, especially with brisk diuresis, when severe cirrhosis is present, or after prolonged therapy. Low potassium can make the heart more sensitive to the toxic effects of digitalis, for example by increasing ventricular irritability. Sensitivity reactions may occur in patients with or without a history of allergy or bronchial asthma. In adults, low potassium can be avoided or treated by using amiloride hydrochloride, a potassium-conserving agent, alongside treatment. It may also be avoided by taking potassium chloride or foods with a high potassium content. Diuretic-induced low sodium is usually mild and causes no symptoms. Dilutional low sodium may occur in patients with oedema in hot weather, and except in rare instances where it becomes life-threatening, the appropriate response is to restrict water intake rather than give salt. Thiazides may decrease serum protein-bound iodine levels without any signs of thyroid disturbance. They may also decrease urinary calcium excretion and can cause intermittent, slight elevation of serum calcium even when there is no known disorder of calcium metabolism. Thiazides should be stopped before tests for parathyroid function are carried out. When creatinine clearance falls below 30ml/min, thiazide diuretics become ineffective. Chlorothiazide may bring on or worsen uraemia, and the drug's effects may build up in patients with impaired kidney function. If uraemia and reduced urine output increase during treatment of kidney disease, Acuren should be stopped. Thiazides should be used with caution in patients with impaired liver function or progressive liver disease, since even minor changes in fluid and electrolyte balance can bring on hepatic coma. Some patients receiving thiazide therapy may develop high uric acid levels, or gout may be triggered. Thiazide therapy may impair glucose tolerance, and increases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been associated with it. There have also been reports of it worsening or triggering systemic lupus erythematosus, and it may cause latent diabetes to become apparent.
Contraindications
Anuria (absence of urine output), known hypersensitivity to Hydrochlorothiazide or to other sulphonamide-derived medicines, severe kidney or liver failure, Addison's disease, elevated blood calcium levels, and concurrent use with lithium therapy are contraindications to this medicine.